Incremental dynamic document index generation

ABSTRACT

A contextual index compendium that includes contextual index item generation rules that define document index entry generation transforms usable to transform text of the documents into embedded document index entries of document indexes within the documents is obtained by a processor. Using the document index entry generation transforms defined within the contextual index item generation rules in association with a document that includes embedded document index entries that are both embedded at locations of associated text distributed throughout the document and added as part of a document index within the document, new text of the document is programmatically transformed into at least one new document index entry in response to determining that at least one portion of the new text includes candidate text that is not already indexed within the existing embedded document index entries and the document index within the document.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to document index generation. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to incremental dynamicdocument index generation.

Indexes may be associated with documents and provide a reader with alisting of content items (e.g., topics, etc.) within the respectivedocuments. Indexes are often arranged to list the content items inalphabetical order with associated page numbers that indicate where thecontent items are located within the documents. Indexes are often placedat the end of a document.

SUMMARY

A method includes obtaining, by a processor, a contextual indexcompendium comprising contextual index item generation rules that definedocument index entry generation transforms usable to transform text ofthe documents into embedded document index entries of document indexeswithin the documents; and programmatically transforming, using thedocument index entry generation transforms defined within the contextualindex item generation rules in association with a document thatcomprises embedded document index entries that are both embedded atlocations of associated text distributed throughout the document andadded as part of a document index within the document, new text of thedocument into at least one new document index entry in response todetermining that at least one portion of the new text comprisescandidate text that is not already indexed within the existing embeddeddocument index entries and the document index within the document.

A system includes a memory and a processor programmed to: obtain acontextual index compendium comprising contextual index item generationrules that define document index entry generation transforms usable totransform text of the documents into embedded document index entries ofdocument indexes within the documents; and programmatically transform,using the document index entry generation transforms defined within thecontextual index item generation rules in association with a documentthat comprises embedded document index entries that are both embedded atlocations of associated text distributed throughout the document andadded as part of a document index within the document, new text of thedocument into at least one new document index entry in response todetermining that at least one portion of the new text comprisescandidate text that is not already indexed within the existing embeddeddocument index entries and the document index within the document.

A computer program product includes a non-transitory computer readablestorage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith,where the computer readable program code when executed on a computercauses the computer to: obtain a contextual index compendium comprisingcontextual index item generation rules that define document index entrygeneration transforms usable to transform text of the documents intoembedded document index entries of document indexes within thedocuments; and programmatically transform, using the document indexentry generation transforms defined within the contextual index itemgeneration rules in association with a document that comprises embeddeddocument index entries that are both embedded at locations of associatedtext distributed throughout the document and added as part of a documentindex within the document, new text of the document into at least onenew document index entry in response to determining that at least oneportion of the new text comprises candidate text that is not alreadyindexed within the existing embedded document index entries and thedocument index within the document.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of an implementation of a systemfor automated incremental dynamic document index generation according toan embodiment of the present subject matter;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example of an implementation of a coreprocessing module capable of performing automated incremental dynamicdocument index generation according to an embodiment of the presentsubject matter;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a processfor automated incremental dynamic document index generation according toan embodiment of the present subject matter;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a processfor automated contextual index compendium creation in association withincremental dynamic document index generation according to an embodimentof the present subject matter;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a processfor automated index consistency processing in association withincremental dynamic document index generation according to an embodimentof the present subject matter;

FIG. 6A is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of initialprocessing within a process for automated document update processing inassociation with incremental dynamic document index generation accordingto an embodiment of the present subject matter; and

FIG. 6B is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of additionalprocessing within a process for automated document update processing inassociation with incremental dynamic document index generation accordingto an embodiment of the present subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The examples set forth below represent the necessary information toenable those skilled in the art to practice the invention and illustratethe best mode of practicing the invention. Upon reading the followingdescription in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilledin the art will understand the concepts of the invention and willrecognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressedherein. It should be understood that these concepts and applicationsfall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.

The subject matter described herein provides incremental dynamicdocument index generation. The present technology implements textanalysis of documents or text excerpts, and analysis of the context oftext items within surrounding text to create a contextual indexcompendium. The contextual index compendium includes compendium itemsthat represent rules for the creation of index items within documentsthat are derived programmatically from identified text (e.g., gerundverb and noun pairings, etc.) and context (surrounding words and/orindex items) of that text within one or more actual documents. Thecontextual index compendium may be utilized to process documents forautomated index item creation/suggestion. Users may review createdcompendium items and index item suggestions, and may accept, edit,delete, or otherwise modify the created items. Finalized index items maybe embedded within a document and an index of the contents of thedocument may be generated using the finalized index items. A contextualindex compendium may be created and utilized for each individualdocument, or may be shared and reused across documents.

As such, the present technology may be utilized to provide consistencyacross index developers and authors for one or more documents, and maybe utilized to provide consistency for created index items over time asdocument revisions occur. Further, because of the incremental aspects ofthe dynamic document index generation described herein, the generatedindex may be viewed as document development occurs to gauge schedulecompliance for document development during product development cycles.

The present technology may be executed in phases to perform theincremental dynamic document index generation described herein. Theinitial processing may include analyzing existing source documentation(e.g., one or more documents) and creation of the contextual indexcompendium. As described above, the contextual index compendium includescompendium items that include context rules for the creation of indexitems within documents that are derived programmatically from identifiedtext (e.g., gerund verb and noun pairings, etc.) and context of thattext within one or more actual documents. The context rules may bederived from context within existing documents for future indexing basedupon previously-created indexes. Alternatively, the context rules may beinitially configured using a document that is currently underdevelopment and refined during the course of document development.Further, consistency checks for usage of words/phrases may beimplemented using the context rules described herein. For example, theremay be certain circumstances where context of words within a documentdictate the use of singular references (e.g., widget, construction),whereas context of the same base words within the same or anotherdocument or context may dictate the use of plural references (e.g.,widgets, interaction). The context rules may further be configured toconsider such circumstances with respect to consistency checks.

Additionally, index density guidelines/thresholds may be managed usingcontext rules. As such, index density per quantity of text may beevaluated and managed to provide index distribution consistency (e.g., anormal statistical distribution) throughout a document. Alternatively,because the present subject matter utilizes context surroundingwords/phrases for index analysis and creation, more complex subjectmatter may justify increased density of indexes, based upon theparticular subject matter and as appropriate for a given implementation.In such circumstances, index density per quantity of text may beevaluated and managed to provide index distribution that varies basedupon the level of detail associated with a particular topic (e.g.,configurable deviations in index density based upon complexity/detail)throughout a document. It should be noted that many other possibilitiesexist for context rule creation and use and all are considered withinthe scope of the present subject matter.

As such, the contextual index compendium provides contextual referenceinformation and rules so that index entries may be created for documentsbased upon word/phrase context within the documents. In this manner, thecontextual index compendium may be used to transform a document and thetext/context within that document into index entries/items that may beembedded within the document and thus added to an index. The contextualindex compendium may also include usable verb/noun-based index itemsthat may be reused during processing of multiple documents.Additionally, the author (alternatively referred to as the “user”herein) may review and fine-tune the contextual index compendium afterinitial creation of the contextual index compendium and over time tofurther influence automated incremental dynamic document indexgeneration. Using the established contextual index compendium, the usermay pass text (e.g., a modified document or a text excerpt of adocument, etc.) to a dynamic index generation component/module forprogrammatic processing. The programmatic processing provides suggestedindex items, ready for insertion into the new source document. The usermay further review and accept, reject, or modify the indexing suggestionresults.

The initial processing phases to establish and fine-tune the contextualindex compendium allow the user to filter and refine the informationwithin the contextual index compendium to further improve the utility ofthe information contained within the contextual index compendium. Theprogrammatic incremental dynamic document index generation andsuggestion phase allows the user to retain control while improvingefficiency of both document and index generation.

The present technology applies to any document type for source file(s)where index items are embedded into the source of the actualfiles/documents. For example, the present technology may be applied todocument types such as structured generalized markup language (SGML),word processing documents with embedded index items, or other documenttypes as appropriate for a given implementation.

Index items may be incrementally created and incrementally embedded intoa document programmatically by the technology described herein as textmaterial is added incrementally to the document by the author/user. Assuch, authors may stay focused on text generation for the document underedit without concerns of index generation during or after editing, whileretaining the ability to review and approve the generated index items atthe author's convenience.

It should be noted that the granularity of application of the presenttechnology may be configured to operate on larger or smaller additionsto a document, as appropriate for a given implementation. As such, thenew text material may constitute either large or small portions of theoverall document for which an index is being incrementally updated.

Regarding the analysis of existing source documentation and creation ofthe contextual index compendium, the present technology extracts indexitem information and context information (especially associated headinginformation) from the source text of a document. From this extractedinformation, the words in the index item are classified. In generalterms, example classifications are “entry,” “modifier,” and “action,”though others may be used as appropriate for a given implementation. Anentry is not necessarily one word, it could (and often is) a wordcluster. However, each word that is in an index item is stored, with anindication of how it has been used in context. This information isstored in the contextual index compendium (e.g., as a file, databaserecord, etc.) that is readable and editable (e.g., as text or in aformat supported by a word processing package).

Regarding user review and fine-tune of the contextual index compendiumafter initial creation of the contextual index compendium and over time,the user may open the contextual index compendium file or access thecontextual index compendium records within an contextual indexcompendium database, and reviews the contents. Individual contextualindex compendium items may be deleted, edited, or left within thecontextual index compendium as created. It should be noted that editinga contextual index compendium item to optionally indicate that the itemis of a lesser importance rating may provide more useable informationthan deleting the entry to preserve the importance rating and guidefuture index generation sessions. A user may also add new entries toprime the contextual index compendium for further additions to thesource documents.

Regarding processing of a document and automated generation of indexitem suggestions, processing may begin by obtaining the contextual indexcompendium file or accessing the contextual index compendium database inresponse to a user request (e.g., beginning a document editing sessionor in response to a specific user input via a menu-based, user interfacedialog box, or keyboard input entry). For a remote access situation, thecontextual index compendium or its contents may be stored locally (e.g.,cached) to expedite document analysis.

Processing of edited/added text for index item suggestion may beperformed responsive to editing operations (e.g., a “save” instructionor otherwise). Alternatively, when a user wishes to generate new indexitems, the user may copy the relevant text to the clipboard associatedwith the computing device/word processing program, and may initiatedocument analysis, either as configured responsive to the clipboard copyoperation or in response to a different (e.g., menu-based, userinterface dialog box, or keyboard input entry) command initiation. Inresponse to initiation of text analysis, the text is analyzed and one ormore index items/suggestions are created. The user may then review thesuggested index items. The user may edit the suggested index items oraccept the index items as suggested to finalize the index items forintegration into the document.

The user may integrate the finalized index items in a variety of ways.For example, the user may paste (e.g., from the clipboard) the finalizedindex items into the document, or use some other means to insert thefinalized index items at the appropriate place within the document. Forexample, the user may initiate automated integration of the finalizedindex items as embedded index items at the locations within the documentassociated with the analyzed text. Many other variations for indexintegration/embedding into the document are possible and all areconsidered within the scope of the present subject matter.

It should be noted that if a situation results where the indexgeneration has difficulty identifying a manner in which words are usedwithin the analyzed text, the present technology may seek guidance fromthe user. In such a situation, as this information is supplied, thecontextual index compendium file or database may be updated with theuser's guidance to allow the contextual index compendium to grow overtime with respect to its text analysis capabilities and for thegeneration of text processing and index generation rules. As such, overtime, as the contextual index compendium grows in its processingcomplexity and capabilities, less user input for guidance may beutilized.

It should be noted that contextual index compendiums may be associatedwith specific documents to support highly-technical subject matter.Alternatively, contextual index compendiums may be reused acrossdocuments and/or subject matter areas as appropriate for a givenimplementation.

Additionally, an existing contextual index compendium may be utilized toanalyze previously-created documents and indexes. As such, processing ofexisting source documents may be performed to suggestadditional/alternative index items, or to flag items that may beinconsistent with the rules embedded in the contextual index compendium.As such, the present technology may improve indexes and documentationfor both new and existing documents.

As described above and in more detail below, the present technology maybe utilized to speed up the process of creating/updating index items,and to provide a higher level of consistency across index developers andacross document revision processes over time. Because the process isprogrammatically implemented, it may be performed faster than possiblevia manual index item entry and may demand less typing by a user/writer.Additionally, the present technology provides for user/writerinteraction, to allow processing oversight by the user (or otherpersonnel) to ensure that meaningful index items are created.

It should be noted that conception of the present subject matterresulted from recognition of certain limitations associated withdocument index generation and maintenance. For example, it was observedthat when technical writers create new material to be added to existingdocuments, such as structured generalized markup language (SGML) or wordprocessing documents, the technical writers or dedicated indexgenerating personnel (e.g., index editors) must embed index items intothe new material. These embedded index items are used to index the newmaterial when the final updated document is produced. It wasadditionally observed that when technical writers edit existingdocuments and modify existing text, personnel must often modify theembedded index items accordingly. It was further observed that writersthat are inexperienced in the creation of index items may create indexitems that are inconsistent with existing index items within an existingindex or may create index items that are inconsistent with the existingindex items created by other writers. It was further observed thatexperienced writers may find the process of index entry tedious (e.g.,because index item entry tends to follow a set pattern that detractsfrom the creative aspects of writing), and that, as a result, evenexperienced writers may enter index items that are inconsistent withother index items in the existing index or may inadvertently omit indexitems that would be useful to a reader. As such, it was determined thatindex items created using these conventional writer-originatedapproaches may not provide the reader of the document with a meaningfulpointer to the new information. It was further observed that existingapproaches to indexing of documents operate on completed documents. Itwas determined from this observation that these existing approaches donot provide a way for the writer to embed index items in real time asdocument content/information is developed. It was further determinedthat, as such, these solutions require the writer to operate on contentfor indexing at a different time from when the content was developed,resulting in inefficiency for the writer with respect to the creation ofindex items. The present subject matter improves document indexgeneration and maintenance by providing for automated incrementaldynamic document index generation, as described above and in more detailbelow.

The incremental dynamic document index generation described herein maybe performed in real time to allow prompt generation of updates to anexisting index in response to updates to the document for which theindex is generated. For purposes of the present description, real timeshall include any time frame of sufficiently short duration as toprovide reasonable response time for information processing acceptableto a user of the subject matter described. Additionally, the term “realtime” shall include what is commonly termed “near real time”—generallymeaning any time frame of sufficiently short duration as to providereasonable response time for on-demand information processing acceptableto a user of the subject matter described (e.g., within a portion of asecond or within a few seconds). These terms, while difficult toprecisely define are well understood by those skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of an implementation of a system100 for automated incremental dynamic document index generation. Acomputing device 102 communicates via a network 104 with a server 106.The server 106 and/or the computing device 102 may access a contextualindex compendium 108 for creation of compendium items within thecontextual index compendium and for document processing to generateindex items and/or index items suggestions for the processeddocument(s).

As will be described in more detail below in association with FIG. 2through FIG. 6B, the computing device 102 and/or the server 106 provideautomated incremental dynamic document index generation. The automatedincremental dynamic document index generation is based upon contextualanalysis of text within one or more documents to create data within thecontextual index compendium and for document processing for indexcreation using the contextual index compendium. As such, a variety ofpossibilities exist for implementation of the present subject matter,and all such possibilities are considered within the scope of thepresent subject matter.

It should be noted that any of the respective computing devicesdescribed in association with FIG. 1 may be portable computing devices,either by a user's ability to move the respective computing devices todifferent locations, or by the respective computing device's associationwith a portable platform, such as a plane, train, automobile, or othermoving vehicle. It should also be noted that the respective computingdevices may be any computing devices capable of processing informationas described above and in more detail below. For example, the respectivecomputing devices may include devices such as a personal computer (e.g.,desktop, laptop, etc.) or a handheld device (e.g., cellular telephone,personal digital assistant (PDA), email device, music recording orplayback device, etc.), a web server, application server, or other dataserver device, or any other device capable of processing information asdescribed above and in more detail below.

The network 104 may include any form of interconnection suitable for theintended purpose, including a private or public network such as anintranet or the Internet, respectively, direct inter-moduleinterconnection, dial-up, wireless, or any other interconnectionmechanism capable of interconnecting the respective devices.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example of an implementation of a coreprocessing module 200 capable of performing automated incrementaldynamic document index generation. The core processing module 200 may beassociated with the computing device 102 and/or with the server 106, asappropriate for a given implementation. As such, the core processingmodule 200 is described generally herein, though it is understood thatmany variations on implementation of the components within the coreprocessing module 200 are possible and all such variations are withinthe scope of the present subject matter.

Further, the core processing module 200 may provide different andcomplementary processing of compendium items and index items inassociation with each implementation. As such, for any of the examplesbelow, it is understood that any aspect of functionality described withrespect to any one device that is described in conjunction with anotherdevice (e.g., sends/sending, etc.) is to be understood to concurrentlydescribe the functionality of the other respective device (e.g.,receives/receiving, etc.).

A central processing unit (CPU) 202 provides computer instructionexecution, computation, and other capabilities within the coreprocessing module 200. A display 204 provides visual information to auser of the core processing module 200 and an input device 206 providesinput capabilities for the user.

The display 204 may include any display device, such as a cathode raytube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), light emitting diode (LED),electronic ink displays, projection, touchscreen, or other displayelement or panel. The input device 206 may include a computer keyboard,a keypad, a mouse, a pen, a joystick, touchscreen, or any other type ofinput device by which the user may interact with and respond toinformation on the display 204.

It should be noted that the display 204 and the input device 206 may beoptional components for the core processing module 200 for certainimplementations/devices (e.g., at a server device such as the server106). Accordingly, the core processing module 200 may operate as acompletely automated embedded device without direct user configurabilityor feedback. However, the core processing module 200 may also provideuser feedback and configurability via the display 204 and the inputdevice 206, respectively, as appropriate for a given implementation.

A communication module 208 provides interconnection capabilities thatallow the core processing module 200 to communicate with other moduleswithin the system 100. The communication module 208 may include anyelectrical, protocol, and protocol conversion capabilities useable toprovide the interconnection capabilities appropriate for a givenimplementation.

A memory 210 includes an index compendium processing storage area 212that stores information used during the creation of compendium items andindex items by the core processing module 200. As described above,compendium items may include text processing rules, identifiable contextused by the respective text processing rules, index entry resultsassociated with the respective text processing rules, and otherinformation used to create and maintain a contextual index compendiumand index items for embedding within documents. A document/index storagearea 214 stores one or more documents for processing to createcontextual index compendiums and/or compendium items, and to createindex items and indexes for the respective documents.

It is understood that the memory 210 may include any combination ofvolatile and non-volatile memory suitable for the intended purpose,distributed or localized as appropriate, and may include other memorysegments not illustrated within the present example for ease ofillustration purposes. For example, the memory 210 may include a codestorage area, an operating system storage area, a code execution area,and a data area without departure from the scope of the present subjectmatter.

A dynamic index compendium and index generation module 216 is alsoillustrated. The dynamic index compendium and index generation module216 provides document text processing and analysis for compendiumgeneration and maintenance, and for index item creation and processingwithin the core processing module 200, as described above and in moredetail below. The dynamic index compendium and index generation module216 implements the automated incremental dynamic document indexgeneration of the core processing module 200.

It should also be noted that the dynamic index compendium and indexgeneration module 216 may form a portion of other circuitry describedwithout departure from the scope of the present subject matter. Further,the dynamic index compendium and index generation module 216 mayalternatively be implemented as an application stored within the memory210. In such an implementation, the dynamic index compendium and indexgeneration module 216 may include instructions executed by the CPU 202for performing the functionality described herein. The CPU 202 mayexecute these instructions to provide the processing capabilitiesdescribed above and in more detail below for the core processing module200. The dynamic index compendium and index generation module 216 mayform a portion of an interrupt service routine (ISR), a portion of anoperating system, a portion of a browser application, or a portion of aseparate application without departure from the scope of the presentsubject matter.

The contextual index compendium database 108 is also shown associatedwith the core processing module 200 within FIG. 2 to show that thecontextual index compendium database 108 may be coupled to the coreprocessing module 200 without requiring external connectivity, such asvia the network 104.

The CPU 202, the display 204, the input device 206, the communicationmodule 208, the memory 210, the dynamic index compendium and indexgeneration module 216, and the contextual index compendium database 108are interconnected via an interconnection 218. The interconnection 218may include a system bus, a network, or any other interconnectioncapable of providing the respective components with suitableinterconnection for the respective purpose.

Though the different modules illustrated within FIG. 2 are illustratedas component-level modules for ease of illustration and descriptionpurposes, it should be noted that these modules may include anyhardware, programmed processor(s), and memory used to carry out thefunctions of the respective modules as described above and in moredetail below. For example, the modules may include additional controllercircuitry in the form of application specific integrated circuits(ASICs), processors, antennas, and/or discrete integrated circuits andcomponents for performing communication and electrical controlactivities associated with the respective modules. Additionally, themodules may include interrupt-level, stack-level, and application-levelmodules as appropriate. Furthermore, the modules may include any memorycomponents used for storage, execution, and data processing forperforming processing activities associated with the respective modules.The modules may also form a portion of other circuitry described or maybe combined without departure from the scope of the present subjectmatter.

Additionally, while the core processing module 200 is illustrated withand has certain components described, other modules and components maybe associated with the core processing module 200 without departure fromthe scope of the present subject matter. Additionally, it should benoted that, while the core processing module 200 is described as asingle device for ease of illustration purposes, the components withinthe core processing module 200 may be co-located or distributed andinterconnected via a network without departure from the scope of thepresent subject matter. For a distributed arrangement, the display 204and the input device 206 may be located at a point of sale device,kiosk, or other location, while the CPU 202 and memory 210 may belocated at a local or remote server. Many other possible arrangementsfor components of the core processing module 200 are possible and allare considered within the scope of the present subject matter. It shouldalso be understood that, though the contextual index compendium database108 is illustrated as a separate component for purposes of example, theinformation stored within the contextual index compendium database 108may also/alternatively be stored within the memory 210 without departurefrom the scope of the present subject matter. Accordingly, the coreprocessing module 200 may take many forms and may be associated withmany platforms.

FIG. 3 through FIG. 6B described below represent example processes thatmay be executed by devices, such as the core processing module 200, toperform the automated incremental dynamic document index generationassociated with the present subject matter. Many other variations on theexample processes are possible and all are considered within the scopeof the present subject matter. The example processes may be performed bymodules, such as the dynamic index compendium and index generationmodule 216 and/or executed by the CPU 202, associated with such devices.It should be noted that time out procedures and other error controlprocedures are not illustrated within the example processes describedbelow for ease of illustration purposes. However, it is understood thatall such procedures are considered to be within the scope of the presentsubject matter. Further, the described processes may be combined,sequences of the processing described may be changed, and additionalprocessing may be added or removed without departure from the scope ofthe present subject matter.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a process300 for automated incremental dynamic document index generation. Atblock 302, the process 300 compares, via a processor, new textassociated with an updated document with existing embedded index itemswithin the updated document and with existing contextual text within theupdated document associated with the existing embedded index items. Atblock 304, the process 300 determines, using a contextual indexcompendium comprising contextual index item generation rules and theexisting contextual text within the updated document associated with theexisting embedded index items, whether any of the new text comprisescandidate text for at least one new index item that is not alreadyindexed within the existing embedded index items. At block 306, theprocess 300 generates, using the contextual index item generation rules,the at least one new index item in response to determining that at leastone portion of the new text comprises the candidate text that is notalready indexed within the existing embedded index items.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a process400 for automated contextual index compendium creation in associationwith incremental dynamic document index generation. At decision point402, the process 400 makes a determination as to whether a request tocreate a contextual index compendium for a document has been detected.It should be noted, that the document for which the contextual indexcompendium is to be created may be a new document or an updateddocument. Additionally, a contextual index compendium may be created ona document by document basis, or may be created using one document andstored for reuse to process other documents. Alternatively, if a user isstarting a new document, and does not wish to use a compendium alreadycreated for another document, the user may create a compendium byproviding “sample” index entries (and sample contextual index itemgeneration rules usable to derive the index entries) to initially formthe contextual index compendium. These sample index entries (and samplecontextual index item generation rules) may be accepted into thecompendium without the benefit of analysis of contextual information.

In response to determining that a request to create a contextual indexcompendium for a document has been detected at decision point 402, theprocess 400 extracts existing embedded index items and existingcontextual text (e.g., surrounding text, footnotes, headnotes, etc.)associated with the existing embedded index items from a document atblock 404. At block 406, the process 400 derives contextual index itemgeneration rules using the extracted existing embedded index itemswithin the document and the existing contextual text within the documentassociated with the existing embedded index items. Derivation of thecontextual index item generation rules may be performed for example byanalysis of the contextual text associated with each existing embeddedindex item and creating a transformation algorithm that characterizesthe embedded index item relative to the contextual text. For example,the process 400 may look for nouns and verbs for indexing use within thecontextual text and determine whether there is a mapping betweenidentified nouns and/or verbs to the respective embedded index item. Tofurther the present example, if an embedded index item is “widgets,creating” and the contextual text associated with this embedded indexitem is “a widget may be created by,” then a mapping between therespective nouns and verbs of the embedded index item and the associatedcontextual text may be formed.

The mapping may be represented in any format suitable for a givenimplementation. One example mapping format for a contextual index itemgeneration rule that utilizes a conditional statement may include thefollowing pseudo syntax:

-   -   if verb is “created” and noun is “widget,” then transform verb        “created” to gerund verb format “creating” and transform        singular noun “widget” to plural noun “widgets,” with comma        separation

An alternative and more-general mapping for a contextual index itemgeneration rule that also utilizes a conditional statement may includethe following pseudo syntax:

-   -   if verb is “created” and singular noun identified, then        transform verb “created” to gerund verb format “creating” and        transform singular noun to plural noun, with comma separation

The examples of pseudo syntax for contextual index item generation rulesdescribed above may be implemented programmatically in any formatconvenient for a given implementation. Further generalized and/orbroadened contextual index item generation rules or more specificcontextual index item generation rules may be generated as appropriatefor a given implementation. As such, many possibilities exist fortransformation mapping formats for contextual index item generationrules, and all such possibilities are considered within the scope of thepresent subject matter. Similar processing may be performed for eachembedded index item to derive unique contextual index item generationrules using the contextual text associated with each embedded indexitem.

At block 408, the process 400 creates the contextual index compendiumusing the derived contextual index item generation rules. As such, acontextual index compendium may be created programmatically and withoutuser intervention based upon existing embedded index items and existingcontextual text within a document. However, user interaction to reviewand confirm, and/or edit, the created contextual index compendium mayalso be performed.

At decision point 410, the process 400 makes a determination as towhether to prompt the user to review and confirm, and/or edit, thecreated contextual index compendium or to utilize the derived contextualindex item generation rules. In response to determining not to promptthe user to review and confirm, and/or edit, the created contextualindex compendium, and to utilize the derived contextual index itemgeneration rules, the process 400 stores the created contextual indexcompendium, such as within the contextual index compendium database 108,at block 412. The process 400 returns to decision point 402 and iteratesas described above.

Returning to the description of decision point 410, in response todetermining to prompt the user to review and confirm, and/or edit, thecreated contextual index compendium, the process 400 prompts the user toreview and confirm the created contextual index compendium constructedwith the derived contextual index item generation rules at block 414. Atdecision point 416, the process 400 makes a determination as to whetherany user changes to the derived contextual index item generation ruleswithin the created contextual index compendium have been detected. Inresponse to determining that at least one user change to at least onederived contextual index item generation rule within the createdcontextual index compendium has been detected, the process 400 updatesany changed contextual index item generation rule(s) within thecontextual index compendium at block 418.

In response to updating any changed contextual index item generationrule(s) within the contextual index compendium at block 418, or inresponse to determining at decision point 416 that no user change to thederived contextual index item generation rules within the createdcontextual index compendium have been detected, the process 400 storesthe contextual index compendium at block 412, such as within thecontextual index compendium database 108, as described above. Theprocess 400 returns to decision point 402 and iterates as describedabove.

As such, the process 400 provides automated processing to extractembedded index items and contextual text associated with existingembedded index items. The process 400 derives contextual index itemgeneration rules using contextual text associated with the existingembedded index items. User input and editing are provided to allowflexibility of implementation for the derived contextual index itemgeneration rules.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an example of an implementation of a process500 for automated index consistency processing in association withincremental dynamic document index generation. At decision point 502,the process 500 makes determination as to whether a request to process adocument for consistency evaluation is been detected. In response todetermining that a request to process a document for consistencyevaluation is been detected, the process 500 retrieves the document andthe contextual index compendium, such as from the document/index storagearea 214 and the contextual index compendium database 108, respectively,at block 504.

At block 506, the process 500 extracts contextual index item generationrules from the retrieved contextual index compendium. At decision point508, the process 500 makes a determination as to whether to perform anindex density check of the document to evaluate index distributionthroughout the document. An index density check may be performed todetermine an index density per text quantity within the document, and todetermine whether deviations associated with embedded index distributionwithin the document exist relative to a target/configured index densityfor the document. Contextual index item generation rules may further beformatted with the target/configured index density for the document, forgroups of documents, or for any other scope of application asappropriate for a given implementation. Processing associated with anaffirmative determination at decision point 508 will be deferred anddescribed in more detail below in order to continue with the descriptionof higher-level processing associated with the process 500.

As such, in response to determining not to perform an index densitycheck of the document to evaluate index distribution throughout thedocument at decision point 508, the process 500 makes a determination atdecision point 510 as to whether to perform an index inconsistency checkon the document to evaluate consistency between the embedded indexes inthe document and the currently-applicable contextual index itemgeneration rules. An index inconsistency check may utilize contextualindex item generation rules to determine embedded index items that donot comply with one or more contextual index item generation rules.Processing associated with an affirmative determination at decisionpoint 510 will be deferred and described in more detail below in orderto continue with the description of higher-level processing associatedwith the process 500.

As such, in response to determining not to perform an indexinconsistency check on the document at decision point 510, the process500 generates an embedded index report at block 512. The embedded indexreport may include information that identifies each embedded index item,and may also include mapping information that identifies contextualindex item generation rules that are associated with any embedded indexitems. The process 500 returns to decision point 502 and iterates asdescribed above.

Returning to the description of decision point 508, in response todetermining perform an index density check of the document to evaluateindex distribution throughout the document, the process 500 obtains aconfigured target index density, such as from one or more contextualindex item generation rules, at block 514. At block 516, the process 500processes the document and the existing embedded index items todetermine an index density per text quantity within the document. Atdecision point 518, the process 500 makes a determination as to whetheran index density deviation from a configured target index density existswithin the document. In response to determining that no index densitydeviation from the configured target index density exists within thedocument, the process 500 returns to block 512 and generates an embeddedindex report that documents the compliant index density for thedocument. As described above, the embedded index report may also includeinformation that identifies each embedded index item, and may alsoinclude mapping information that identifies contextual index itemgeneration rules that are associated with any embedded index items. Theprocess 500 returns to decision point 502 and iterates as describedabove.

Returning to the description of decision point 518, in response todetermining that an index density deviation from a configured targetindex density exists within the document, the process 500 makes adetermination at decision point 520, such as by use of an additionalcontextual index item generation rule, whether contextual text usable tocreate at least one suitable index item exists within the text of thedocument that is associated with the identified deviation from theconfigured target index density.

In response to determining that contextual text usable to create atleast one suitable index item does not exist within the text of thedocument that is associated with the identified deviation from theconfigured target index density at decision point 520, the process 500returns to block 512 and generates an embedded index report to documentthe index density deviation and that there is no usable contextual textto create a suitable index item for the text of the document associatedwith the index density deviation based upon the currently definedcontextual index item generation rules. It should be noted that theprocess 500 may be modified to execute a process similar to the process400 described above in association with FIG. 4 to derive a newcontextual index item generation rule. Additionally, the process 500 mayalso be modified to prompt the user to allow real-time user interactionassociated with identified index density deviations. This additionalprocessing is considered to form a portion of the process 500, but hasbeen omitted from the drawing figure to reduce complexity and crowdingwithin the drawing figure. As described above, the embedded index reportmay also include information that identifies each embedded index item,and may also include mapping information that identifies contextualindex item generation rules that are associated with any embedded indexitems. The process 500 returns to decision point 502 and iterates asdescribed above.

Returning to the description of decision point 520, in response todetermining that contextual text usable to create at least one suitableindex item exists within the text of the document associated with theidentified deviation from the configured target index density, theprocess 500 identifies a contextual index item generation rule(s) totransform the contextual text into an index item(s) at block 522. Atblock 524, the process 500 transforms the contextual text into one ormore index items. At block 526, the process 500 embeds the created indexitem(s) into the document in association with the contextual textutilized/transformed to create the embedded index item(s).

The process 500 returns to block 512 and generates an embedded indexreport to document the creation and embedding of the respective indexitem(s). As described above, the embedded index report may also includeinformation that identifies each embedded index item, and may alsoinclude mapping information that identifies contextual index itemgeneration rules that are associated with any embedded index items.

Returning to the description of decision point 510, in response todetermining to perform an index inconsistency check on the document toevaluate consistency between the embedded indexes in the document andthe currently-applicable contextual index item generation rules, theprocess 500 processes the existing embedded index items within thedocument using the extracted contextual index item generation ruleswithin the contextual index compendium at block 528. Within this portionof the present example, the contextual index item generation rules areconfigured to perform consistency checks among the existing embeddedindex items.

At decision point 530, the process 500 makes determination as to whetherany embedded index item inconsistency with respect to any contextualindex item generation rule has been identified. In response todetermining that no embedded index item inconsistency has beenidentified with respect to any contextual index item generation rule,the process 500 returns to block 512 to generate an embedded indexreport to document any/no identified inconsistencies of the embeddedindex items with the contextual index item generation rules. Asdescribed above, the embedded index report may also include informationthat identifies each embedded index item, and may also include mappinginformation that identifies contextual index item generation rules thatare associated with any embedded index items. The process 500 returns todecision point 502 and iterates as described above.

Returning to the description of decision point 530, in response todetermining that at least one inconsistent embedded index item has beenidentified relative to at least one contextual index item generationrule, the process 500 prompts a user at block 532 with the identifiedinconsistent embedded index item(s), the contextual text within thedocument associated with the identified inconsistent embedded indexitem, and the contextual index item generation rule(s) that transformsthe associated contextual text within the document to at least oneidentified inconsistent embedded index item.

At decision point 534, the process 500 makes a determination as towhether any user changes have been detected. For example, a user mayenter updated index item(s) and/or may enter an updated contextual indexitem generation rule(s) that transforms the respective identifiedinconsistent index item from the contextual text within the updateddocument to the updated index item. In response to determining that atleast one change to one or more inconsistent embedded index item(s)and/or one or more contextual index item generation rule(s) by the userhas been detected, at block 536 the process 500 updates the respectiveinconsistent embedded index item(s) to the updated index item(s) withinthe document and/or updates the respective contextual index itemgeneration rule(s) to the updated contextual index item generationrule(s) within the contextual index compendium.

In response to performing the updates of any inconsistent embedded indexitem(s) within the document and/or performing the updates to therespective contextual index item generation rule(s) within thecontextual index compendium at block 536, or in response to determiningat decision point 534 that no user changes have been detected, theprocess 500 returns to block 512 to generate an embedded index report todocument any identified inconsistencies of the embedded index items withthe contextual index item generation rules, and any updates/changesentered by user. As described above, the embedded index report may alsoinclude information that identifies each embedded index item, and mayalso include mapping information that identifies contextual index itemgeneration rules that are associated with any embedded index items. Theprocess 500 returns to decision point 502 and iterates as describedabove.

As such, the process 500 performs a variety of checks on embedded indexitems relative to contextual index item generation rules. For purposesof the present example, density deviation checks for index density pertext quantity within a document and consistency checks for inconsistencyof any embedded index items relative to contextual index item generationrules have been described. The user may be prompted with any identifieddeviations and/or inconsistencies, and updates may be entered by theuser and propagated to the contextual index compendium. It is understoodthat many other possibilities exist for checks associated with thecontextual index item generation rules described herein, and all suchpossibilities are considered within the scope of the present subjectmatter

FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate a flow chart of an example of an implementationof process 600 for automated document update processing in associationwith incremental dynamic document index generation. FIG. 6A illustratesinitial processing within the process 600. At decision point 602, theprocess 600 makes a determination as to whether a document update hasbeen detected. A document update may be detected in response to a saveoperation for a document (e.g., such as a CTRL-S key pair, or a savemenu selection). Alternatively, a document update may be detected inresponse to a copy operation of text to the clipboard and a menuselection, such as a pop-up menu selection, associated with clipboardprocessing. Alternatively, a document update may be detected in responseto a request by user to scan a document for embedded index density, anda document update may be identified in association with an index densitydeviation. As such, many possibilities exist for detecting a documentupdate and all are considered within the scope of the present subjectmatter.

In response to determining at decision point 602 that a document updatehas been detected, the process 600 identifies new text associated withthe document update at block 604. At decision point 606, the process 600makes determination as to whether a contextual index compendium exists,such as within the contextual index compendium database 108. Asdescribed above, the contextual index compendium may be documentspecific and formed using the document to further process the samedocument as document revisions occur. Alternatively, contextual indexcompendiums may be generated and utilized to process multiple documentsto ensure embedded index item consistency across document developmentgroups. Many other applications for contextual index compendium usageexist and all such applications are considered within the scope of thepresent subject matter.

In response to determining that a contextual index compendium does notexist at decision point 606, the process 600 creates a contextual indexcompendium, such as by use of the process 400 described in associationwith FIG. 4 above, at block 608. In response creating the contextualindex compendium at block 608, or in response to determining that acontextual index compendium already exists at decision point 606, theprocess 600 retrieves the contextual index compendium at block 610.

At block 612, the process 600 extracts existing embedded index items andexisting contextual text (e.g., surrounding text, footnotes, headnotes,etc.) associated with the existing embedded index items from thedocument. At block 614, the process 600 compares the identified new textassociated with the updated document with existing embedded index itemswithin the updated document and with existing contextual text within theupdated document associated with the existing embedded index items.

At decision point 616, the process 600 makes a determination, using thecontextual index compendium, the contextual index item generation rules,and the contextual text within the updated document associated with theexisting embedded index items, as to whether any of the new textcomprises candidate text for at least one new index item that is notalready indexed within the existing embedded index items. In response todetermining that no candidate text for at least one new index itemexists within the new text, the process 600 returns to decision point602 and iterates as described above.

In response to determining that candidate text for at least one newindex item does exist within the new text at decision point 616, theprocess 600 analyzes the new text within the updated document at block618. At decision point 620, the process 600 makes a determination as towhether at least one existing contextual index item generation ruleexists within the contextual index compendium to transform the new textinto at least one new index item. Processing for an affirmativedetermination at decision point 620 will be deferred and described inmore detail below.

As such, in response to determining at decision point 620 that at leastone contextual index item generation rule does not exist within thecontextual index compendium to transform the new text into at least onenew index item, the process 600 transitions to the processing shown anddescribed in association with FIG. 6B.

FIG. 6B illustrates additional processing associated with the process600 for automated document update processing in association withincremental dynamic document index generation. At block 622, the process600 creates at least one new contextual index item generation rule thattransforms the new text into at least one new index item usingcontextual information within the new text.

At decision point 624, the process 600 makes a determination as towhether to prompt the user to confirm the newly-created contextual indexitem generation rule(s). In response to determining at decision point624 to prompt the user to confirm the newly-created contextual indexitem generation rule(s), the process 600 prompts the user to confirm thenewly-created contextual index item generation rule(s) at block 626. Atdecision point 628, the process 600 makes a determination as to whetherany changes to the newly-created contextual index item generationrule(s) by the user have been detected. In response to determining thatat least one change to the newly-created contextual index itemgeneration rule(s) by the user is been detected, the process 600 updatesany changed contextual index item generation rule(s) at block 630.

In response to updating any changed contextual index item generationrule(s) at block 630, or in response to determining at decision point628 that no changes to the newly-created contextual index itemgeneration rule(s) by the user have been detected, or in response todetermining at decision point 624 not to prompt the user to confirm thenewly-created contextual index item generation rule(s), the process 600adds at least one new contextual index item generation rule to thecontextual index compendium at block 632. As such, the process maycreate one or more new index items using any created new contextualindex item generation rules, as described in more detail below.

The process 600 transitions back to the processing described inassociation with FIG. 6A. At block 634, the process 600 creates at leastone new index item using either one or more existing contextual indexitem generation rules and/or one or more newly-created contextual indexitem generation rules.

At decision point 636, the process 600 makes a determination as towhether to prompt the user to confirm the newly-created index item(s).In response to determining to prompt the user to confirm thenewly-created index item(s), the process 600 prompts the user to confirmthe newly-created index item(s) at block 638. At decision point 640, theprocess 600 makes a determination as to whether any changes to thenewly-created index item(s) by the user have been detected. In responseto determining that at least one change to the newly-created indexitem(s) by the user is been detected, the process 600 updates anychanged index item(s) at block 642.

In response to updating any changed index item(s) at block 642, or inresponse to determining at decision point 640 that no changes to thenewly-created index item(s) by the user have been detected, or inresponse to determining at decision point 636 not to prompt the user toconfirm the newly-created index item(s), the process 600 embeds the newindex item(s) into the updated document at block 644. The process 600returns to decision point 602 and iterates as described above

As such, process 600 generates, using contextual index item generationrules within a contextual index compendium, new index items in responseto determining that new text associated with an updated documentincludes candidate text that is not already indexed within the existingembedded index items. New contextual index item generation rules may becreated using contextual text associated with the new text within theupdated document. The user may be prompted to interact with the process600 to confirm and or update new contextual index item generation rulesand new indexes associated with the new text within the updateddocument. The new indexes may be embedded into the updated document inassociation with the new text. It should be noted, as described above,that processing to determine document consistency such as that describedabove in association with the process 500 of FIG. 5 may also beperformed in association with the addition of new index items to anupdated document. As such, many variations on the example processes andmany opportunities for interoperation between the respective exampleprocesses may be utilized as appropriate for a given implementation.

As described above in association with FIG. 1 through FIG. 6B, theexample systems and processes provide incremental dynamic document indexgeneration. Many other variations and additional activities associatedwith incremental dynamic document index generation are possible and allare considered within the scope of the present subject matter.

Those skilled in the art will recognize, upon consideration of the aboveteachings, that certain of the above examples are based upon use of aprogrammed processor, such as the CPU 202. However, the invention is notlimited to such example embodiments, since other embodiments could beimplemented using hardware component equivalents such as special purposehardware and/or dedicated processors. Similarly, general purposecomputers, microprocessor based computers, micro-controllers, opticalcomputers, analog computers, dedicated processors, application specificcircuits and/or dedicated hard wired logic may be used to constructalternative equivalent embodiments.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the presentinvention may be embodied as a system, method or computer programproduct. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the formof an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment(including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or anembodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may allgenerally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.”Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of acomputer program product embodied in one or more computer readablemedium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.

Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may beutilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signalmedium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readablestorage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic,magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system,apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Morespecific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readablestorage medium would include the following: an electrical connectionhaving one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, amagnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium maybe any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use byor in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, ordevice.

A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signalwith computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, inbaseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may takeany of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to,electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. Acomputer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium thatis not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate,propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with aninstruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmittedusing any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless,wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination ofthe foregoing.

Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of thepresent invention may be written in any combination of one or moreprogramming languages, including an object oriented programming languagesuch as JAVA™, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional proceduralprogramming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similarprogramming languages. The program code may execute entirely on theuser's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alonesoftware package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remotecomputer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latterscenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computerthrough any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or awide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an externalcomputer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet ServiceProvider).

Aspects of the present invention have been described with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer program instructions. These computer program instructions maybe provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, specialpurpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus toproduce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via theprocessor of the computer or other programmable data processingapparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified inthe flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in acomputer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readablestorage medium produce an article of manufacture including instructionswhich implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer,other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to causea series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus or other devices to produce a computerimplemented process such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer or other programmable apparatus provide processes forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be notedthat, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in theblock may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, twoblocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantiallyconcurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverseorder, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be notedthat each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedsystems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations ofspecial purpose hardware and computer instructions.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can includelocal memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulkstorage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at leastsome program code in order to reduce the number of times code must beretrieved from bulk storage during execution.

Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards,displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system eitherdirectly or through intervening I/O controllers.

Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the dataprocessing system to become coupled to other data processing systems orremote printers or storage devices through intervening private or publicnetworks. Modems, cable modems and Ethernet cards are just a few of thecurrently available types of network adapters.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of oneor more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of allmeans or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended toinclude any structure, material, or act for performing the function incombination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. Thedescription of the present invention has been presented for purposes ofillustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: by a processor: obtaining acontextual index compendium comprising contextual index item generationrules that define computer-executable document index entry generationtransforms that when executed transform text of a document via one ormore executed text modifications and incrementally in real time, as thetext within the document is entered, into embedded document indexentries that as modified are: (i) inserted into and distributedthroughout the document as part of structural syntax of the documentnear the text and (ii) pointed to within the document from a documentindex that forms a portion of the document; and programmaticallytransforming, via the one or more executed text modifications andincrementally in real time in response to detecting entry of new textinto the document by executing at least one of the computer-executabledocument index entry generation transforms defined within the contextualindex item generation rules, the detected new text into at least one newdocument index entry that are each as modified from the detected newtext (i) inserted into the document near a location of the detected newtext and (ii) added within the document index as a new index item thatpoints to the respective inserted new document index entry, wherein atleast one of the document index entry generation transforms, whenexecuted, transforms at least one of: a position of a word within thetext relative to other words in the text, and a grammatical format ofthe word.
 2. The method of claim 1, where programmatically transforming,via the one or more executed text modifications and incrementally inreal time in response to detecting the entry of the new text into thedocument by executing the at least one of the computer-executabledocument index entry generation transforms defined within the contextualindex item generation rules, the detected new text into the at least onenew document index entry comprises the processor: analyzing the detectednew text of the document in response to detecting the entry of the newtext into the document; determining whether at least one contextualindex item generation rule exists within the contextual index compendiumthat comprises a computer-executable document index entry generationtransform executable to transform the detected new text via the one ormore executed text modifications into the at least one new documentindex entry; and in response to determining that the at least onecontextual index item generation rule exists within the contextual indexcompendium that comprises the computer-executable document index entrygeneration transform executable to transform the detected new text viathe one or more executed text modifications into the at least one newdocument index entry: programmatically creating, by processing thedetected new text as a new contextual text input using thecomputer-executable document index entry generation transform, the atleast one new document index entry by modifying the new contextual textinput into the at least one new document index entry; and furthercomprising the processor: inserting the at least one new document indexentry within the structural syntax of the document near the location ofthe detected new text; and adding the at least one new document indexentry to the document index as the new index item that operates as acontextual pointer to the location of the detected new text within thedocument.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the processor, inresponse to determining that at least one contextual index itemgeneration rule does not exist within the contextual index compendiumthat comprises the computer-executable document index entry generationtransform to transform the detected new text via the one or moreexecuted text modifications into the at least one new document indexentry: creating a new contextual index item generation rule thatcomprises the computer-executable document index entry generationtransform that when executed transforms the detected new text via theone or more executed text modifications into the at least one newdocument index entry using contextual information derived from at leastone of additional text, footnotes, and headnotes that surround thedetected new text within the document; adding the new contextual indexitem generation rule to the contextual index compendium; and creatingthe at least one new document index entry using the computer-executabledocument index entry generation transform created within the newcontextual index item generation rule.
 4. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising the processor: comparing the detected new text of thedocument with each of existing embedded document index entriesstructurally located near the detected new text within the document andwith existing contextual text located near the existing embeddeddocument index entries within the document from which the existingembedded document index entries were created; and determining, usingeach of the computer-executable document index entry generationtransforms and the existing contextual text located near the existingembedded document index entries within the document from which theexisting embedded document index entries were created, whether any ofthe detected new text comprises candidate text that is not alreadyindexed within the existing embedded document index entries and thedocument index within the document.
 5. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising the processor: deriving the contextual index item generationrules in accordance with analysis of existing embedded document indexentries within the document and existing contextual text located withinthe document from which the existing embedded document index entrieswithin the document were created; and creating the contextual indexcompendium using the derived contextual index item generation rules. 6.The method of claim 1, where the contextual index item generation rulesof the obtained contextual index compendium further definecomputer-executable consistency checks for usage of words and phrasesamong the embedded document index entries distributed throughout thedocument, and further comprising the processor: performing aninconsistency check on the usage of words and phrases among the embeddeddocument index entries distributed throughout the document using thecomputer-executable consistency checks defined within the contextualindex item generation rules.
 7. The method of claim 1, where thecontextual index item generation rules of the obtained contextual indexcompendium further define a configured variable target document indexentry distribution density that varies embedded document index entrydensity within the document according to a level of detail within textof the document, and further comprising the processor: performing anembedded document index entry density check on the embedded documentindex entries distributed throughout the document using the configuredvariable target document index entry distribution density defined withinthe contextual index item generation rules.
 8. A system, comprising: amemory; and a processor programmed to: obtain a contextual indexcompendium comprising contextual index item generation rules that definecomputer-executable document index entry generation transforms that whenexecuted transform text of a document via one or more executed textmodifications and incrementally in real time, as the text within thedocument is entered, into embedded document index entries that asmodified are: (i) inserted into and distributed throughout the documentas part of structural syntax of the document near the text and (ii)pointed to within the document from a document index that forms aportion of the document; and programmatically transform, via the one ormore executed text modifications and incrementally in real time inresponse to detecting entry of new text into the document by executingat least one of the computer-executable document index entry generationtransforms defined within the contextual index item generation rules,the detected new text into at least one new document index entry thatare each as modified from the detected new text (i) inserted into thedocument near a location of the detected new text and (ii) added withinthe document index as a new index item that points to the respectiveinserted new document index entry, wherein at least one of the documentindex entry generation transforms, when executed, transforms at leastone of: a position of a word within the text relative to other words inthe text, and a grammatical format of the word.
 9. The system of claim8, where in being programmed to programmatically transform, via the oneor more executed text modifications and incrementally in real time inresponse to detecting the entry of the new text into the document byexecuting the at least one of the computer-executable document indexentry generation transforms defined within the contextual index itemgeneration rules, the detected new text into the at least one newdocument index entry, the processor is programmed to: analyze thedetected new text of the document in response to detecting the entry ofthe new text into the document; determine whether at least onecontextual index item generation rule exists within the contextual indexcompendium that comprises a computer-executable document index entrygeneration transform executable to transform the detected new text viathe one or more executed text modifications into the at least one newdocument index entry; in response to determining that the at least onecontextual index item generation rule exists within the contextual indexcompendium that comprises the computer-executable document index entrygeneration transform executable to transform the detected new text viathe one or more executed text modifications into the at least one newdocument index entry: programmatically create, by processing thedetected new text as a new contextual text input using thecomputer-executable document index entry generation transform, the atleast one new document index entry by modifying the new contextual textinput into the at least one new document index entry; in response todetermining that the at least one contextual index item generation ruledoes not exist within the contextual index compendium that comprises thecomputer-executable document index entry generation transform totransform the detected new text via the one or more executed textmodifications into the at least one new document index entry: create anew contextual index item generation rule that comprises thecomputer-executable document index entry generation transform that whenexecuted transforms the detected new text via the one or more executedtext modifications into the at least one new document index entry usingcontextual information derived from at least one of additional text,footnotes, and headnotes that surround the detected new text within thedocument; add the new contextual index item generation rule to thecontextual index compendium; and create the at least one new documentindex entry using the computer-executable document index entrygeneration transform created within the new contextual index itemgeneration rule; and where the processor is further configured to:insert the at least one new document index entry within the structuralsyntax of the document near the location of the detected new text; andadd the at least one new document index entry to the document index asthe new index item that operates as a contextual pointer to the locationof the detected new text within the document.
 10. The system of claim 8,where the processor is further programmed to: compare the detected newtext of the document with each of existing embedded document indexentries structurally located near the detected new text within thedocument and with existing contextual text located near the existingembedded document index entries within the document from which theexisting embedded document index entries were created; and determine,using each of the computer-executable document index entry generationtransforms and the existing contextual text located near the existingembedded document index entries within the document from which theexisting embedded document index entries were created, whether any ofthe detected new text comprises candidate text that is not alreadyindexed within the existing embedded document index entries and thedocument index within the document.
 11. The system of claim 8, where theprocessor is further programmed to: derive the contextual index itemgeneration rules in accordance with analysis of existing embeddeddocument index entries within the document and existing contextual textlocated within the document from which the existing embedded documentindex entries within the document were created; and create thecontextual index compendium using the derived contextual index itemgeneration rules.
 12. The system of claim 8, where the contextual indexitem generation rules of the obtained contextual index compendiumfurther define computer-executable consistency checks for usage of wordsand phrases among the embedded document index entries distributedthroughout the document, and where the processor is further programmedto: perform an inconsistency check on the usage of words and phrasesamong the embedded document index entries distributed throughout thedocument using the computer-executable consistency checks defined withinthe contextual index item generation rules.
 13. The system of claim 8,where the contextual index item generation rules of the obtainedcontextual index compendium further define a configured variable targetdocument index entry distribution density that varies embedded documentindex entry density within the document according to a level of detailwithin text of the document, and, where the processor is furtherprogrammed to: perform an embedded document index entry density check onthe embedded document index entries distributed throughout the documentusing the configured variable target document index entry distributiondensity defined within the contextual index item generation rules.
 14. Acomputer program product, comprising: a non-transitory computer readablestorage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith,where the computer readable program code when executed on a computercauses the computer to: obtain a contextual index compendium comprisingcontextual index item generation rules that define computer-executabledocument index entry generation transforms that when executed transformtext of a document via one or more executed text modifications andincrementally in real time, as the text within the document is entered,into embedded document index entries that as modified are: (i) insertedinto and distributed throughout the document as part of structuralsyntax of the document near the text and (ii) pointed to within thedocument from a document index that forms a portion of the document; andprogrammatically transform, via the one or more executed textmodifications and incrementally in real time in response to detectingentry of new text into the document by executing at least one of thecomputer-executable document index entry generation transforms definedwithin the contextual index item generation rules, the detected new textinto at least one new document index entry that are each as modifiedfrom the detected new text (i) inserted into the document near alocation of the detected new text and (ii) added within the documentindex as a new index item that points to the respective inserted newdocument index entry, wherein at least one of the document index entrygeneration transforms, when executed, transforms at least one of: aposition of a word within the text relative to other words in the text,and a grammatical format of the word.
 15. The computer program productof claim 14, where in causing the computer to programmaticallytransform, via the one or more executed text modifications andincrementally in real time in response to detecting the entry of the newtext into the document by executing the at least one of thecomputer-executable document index entry generation transforms definedwithin the contextual index item generation rules, the detected new textinto the at least one new document index entry, the computer readableprogram code when executed on the computer causes the computer to:analyze the detected new text of the document in response to detectingthe entry of the new text into the document; determine whether at leastone contextual index item generation rule exists within the contextualindex compendium that comprises a computer-executable document indexentry generation transform executable to transform the detected new textvia the one or more executed text modifications into the at least onenew document index entry; and in response to determining that the atleast one contextual index item generation rule exists within thecontextual index compendium that comprises the computer-executabledocument index entry generation transform executable to transform thedetected new text via the one or more executed text modifications intothe at least one new document index entry: programmatically create, byprocessing the detected new text as a new contextual text input usingthe computer-executable document index entry generation transform, theat least one new document index entry by modifying the new contextualtext input into the at least one new document index entry; and where thecomputer readable program code when executed on the computer furthercauses the computer to: insert the at least one new document index entrywithin the structural syntax of the document near the location of thedetected new text; and add the at least one new document index entry tothe document index as the new index item that operates as a contextualpointer to the location of the detected new text within the document.16. The computer program product of claim 14, where the computerreadable program code when executed on the computer further causes thecomputer to, in response to determining that at least one contextualindex item generation rule does not exist within the contextual indexcompendium that comprises the computer-executable document index entrygeneration transform to transform the detected new text via the one ormore executed text modifications into the at least one new documentindex entry: create a new contextual index item generation rule thatcomprises the computer-executable document index entry generationtransform that when executed transforms the detected new text via theone or more executed text modifications into the at least one newdocument index entry using contextual information derived from at leastone of additional text, footnotes, and headnotes that surround thedetected new text within the document; add the new contextual index itemgeneration rule to the contextual index compendium; and create the atleast one new document index entry using the computer-executabledocument index entry generation transform created within the newcontextual index item generation rule.
 17. The computer program productof claim 14, where the computer readable program code when executed onthe computer further causes the computer to: compare the detected newtext of the document with each of existing embedded document indexentries structurally located near the detected new text within thedocument and with existing contextual text located near the existingembedded document index entries within the document from which theexisting embedded document index entries were created; and determine,using each of the computer-executable document index entry generationtransforms and the existing contextual text located near the existingembedded document index entries within the document from which theexisting embedded document index entries were created, whether any ofthe detected new text comprises candidate text that is not alreadyindexed within the existing embedded document index entries and thedocument index within the document.
 18. The computer program product ofclaim 14, where the computer readable program code when executed on thecomputer further causes the computer to: derive the contextual indexitem generation rules in accordance with analysis of existing embeddeddocument index entries within the document and existing contextual textlocated within the document from which the existing embedded documentindex entries within the document were created; and create thecontextual index compendium using the derived contextual index itemgeneration rules.
 19. The computer program product of claim 14, wherethe contextual index item generation rules of the obtained contextualindex compendium further define computer-executable consistency checksfor usage of words and phrases among the embedded document index entriesdistributed throughout the document, and where the computer readableprogram code when executed on the computer further causes the computerto: perform an inconsistency check on the usage of words and phrasesamong the embedded document index entries distributed throughout thedocument using the computer-executable consistency checks defined withinthe contextual index item generation rules.
 20. The computer programproduct of claim 14, where the contextual index item generation rules ofthe obtained contextual index compendium further define a configuredvariable target document index entry distribution density that variesembedded document index entry density within the document according to alevel of detail within text of the document, and where the computerreadable program code when executed on the computer further causes thecomputer to: perform an embedded document index entry density check onthe embedded document index entries distributed throughout the documentusing the configured variable target document index entry distributiondensity defined within the contextual index item generation rules.